Should schools consider gender-divided classrooms?

The debate about gender-divided classrooms has become a hot-button topic in recent years.  It has been around ever since the relatively recent realization that males and females think, and even learn differently.  The specific relationship between gender and education isn’t explicitly or extensively talked about in both Outliers by Malcolm Gladwell or Mindset by Carol Dweck, but it is brushed upon.

In Outliers, Gladwell mentions a study done by Alan Schoenfeld, a math professor at Berkley.  In his study, he recorded a woman named Renee as she solved an eighth-grade level mathematics problem.  When she was unable to succeed at first, she continued trying harder and harder, until she finally arrived at the answer.  Schoenfeld recalls that it took more than twenty minutes for her to solve this middle school level math problem, but he believes that her relentless efforts were something that one can no longer see in students today (Gladwell 2008).  Now was this because she was a female?  If a male were placed in the identical situation, would he respond differently?  Carol Dweck insists that this is a possibility.  In her book, she mentions the gender gap in math and science.  She suggests that “women’s trust in people’s assessments” (Dweck, pg. 79, 2006) plays a large role in widening the gender gap in math and science.  She further supports her claims by mentioning that in grade school classrooms, “boys got eight times more criticism than girls for their conduct” (Dweck, pg 79, 2006).  This is turn, leads to boys becoming less sensitive and less responsive to people’s assessments of them.  Because girls are more responsive to people’s assessments of them, they strive to prove themselves in subjects like math and science where there is an evident gender gap, just as Renee did at Berkley University.

This is partially supported yet contradicted by a recent study which was featured in Newsweek magazine which illustrated the steady decline of the average test scores of boys in recent years (Ellison 2010).  On one hand, this study suggests that boys have lower test scores in all subjects, including math and science; which definitely contradicts what Dweck very explicitly states.  But on the other hand, maybe it only appears that the scores of male students are dropping because female students are trying harder to push themselves and discrediting the stereotype that female students don’t perform as well in math and science.  Dweck may suggest that the male students are starting to possess fixed mindsets because they are running with the stereotype that female students won’t perform as well as them and therefore are failing. 

See, that’s the thing about all these studies.  It is hard to form an opinion about anything with many of these studies because certain studies don’t provide enough clarification; and sometimes even completely contradict one another.  So when someone may ask me my opinion on gender-divided classrooms, I can give them concrete reasons as to why gender divided classrooms may be beneficial through one study.  But then I can support the other side as well by saying that females are obviously closing the gender gaps in math and science and surpassing the male students.  At the same time, however, don’t gender-divided classrooms promote the stereotypes that female students don’t perform as well in math and science?  If the male students are separated from the female students, the female students wouldn’t be exposed to the male students and their better test scores.  If schools were to consider gender-divided classrooms, wouldn’t that only make it harder for female to students to achieve the higher test scores which male students already possess? Therefore, gender-divided classrooms could be a positive or negative thing for schools across America.  Whether gender-divided classrooms should be considered remains a question that can only be answered by school administrators.

Dweck, C.S. (2006). Mindset: The new psychology of success. New York, NY: Ballantine Books.

Ellison, J. (2010, June 22). The new segregation debate.Newsweek. Retrieved February 17, 2011

Gladwell, M. (2008).Outliers: The story of success. New York, NY: Little, Brown, and Company.

Are girls different than boys?

It certainly is difficult to choose a place to start to answer such a question.  Aside from the obvious anatomical differences, males and females also seem to think differently.  Let’s take for example the two books, Mindset and Outliers.  Both of these books focus on the idea of success and how to achieve it, but one was written by a male and the other a female. Not only do the writing styles of the two authors differ drastically, but even their ideologies are completely contradicting.  The author of Outliers, Malcolm Gladwell, claims that success is almost entirely dependent on opportunities which present themselves throughout life and almost completely out of the hands of one who is trying to achieve success ( Gladwell 2008).  Carol Dweck, the author of Mindset, on the other hand likes to believe that one’s success is in one’s control and is entirely governed by mindset (Dweck 2006).  Although we cannot say for certain that all males will agree with Gladwell and all females will agree with Dweck, it appears that each author’s ideologies partially reflect their respective masculinity and femininity.

            But when we shy away from these books and look at other studies and articles relating to differences in success relating to gender differences, we can also infer certain differences in the minds of men and women.  According to the American Council of Education, women have made up almost sixty percent of enrollments at American colleges since the year 2000.  Women also tend to have higher grades and drop out from college less than men (Williams 2010).  But simply knowing that statistics and information like this relating to differences in gender and success exist is not enough.  Then comes the “why?”.  Why are men and women so different when it comes to success?  Specifically, why do more women go on to college?  Is it because more women possess growth mindsets and can learn from mistakes to expand their knowledge (Dweck 2006)?  Or perhaps it is because more women have parents who encourage success in higher education, and thus are more likely to have the right opportunities to want to go to college ( Gladwell 2008).

            However, I do not believe that the answer is quite so simple.  The minds of males and females seem to work so differently.  There are so many different studies out there providing information about the differences in academic ability between the two genders.  Some say that men are better and math and science, whereas women excel at subjects which involve abstract thought like writing and art.  But with so many different studies out there, it’s tremendously difficult to agree with them all.  Two studies about the same subject may come up with completely different results.

            In the end, the truth behind the differences between males and females and why they exist lies within our minds.  It feels to me that the research and studies that we, as a society, do create these differences between males and females.  Without society’s studies into the minds of men and women, we wouldn’t know that more women go to college; or that men excel at certain subject and women excel at others.  Without society’s research, men and women would essentially be the same and only differ in physical appearance. 

Dweck, C.S. (2006). Mindset: The new psychology of success. New York, NY: Ballantine Books.

Gladwell, M. (2008). Outliers: The story of success. New York, NY: Little, Brown, and Company.

Williams, A. (2010, February 7). The new math on campus. New York Times. Retrieved February 15, 2011

Connections between Outliers and Mindset

When talking about Outliers by Malcolm Gladwell and Mindset by Carol Dweck, it is truly a matter of perception as to whether the two books are more similar or more different.  Regardless of the comparisons and contrasts between the two, it is obvious that certain crystal clear connections can be drawn between the two books.  Both books relate to success and achieving it, however Gladwell and Dweck differ on how success is achieved.  While Gladwell insists that success is almost entirely dependent on opportunities and luck  (Gladwell 2008), Dweck argues that one has quite a bit of control over the amount of success one can achieve because all success relies on mindset (Dweck 2006).

            Perhaps the basis of the two authors’ disagreement and differences lies in their very definition of the word success.   Gladwell claims that success and how successful one is considered is largely dependent on society’s perception of success.  Dweck, on the other hand, likes to think that success is what you make it.  Even when it comes to the definition of success, both authors have such conflicting viewpoints.  The largest contrast between the two authors is the differing opinions of who has the power to determine the definition of success.  Who has control over the definition of success?

            As much as I would like to believe that I have complete control over what I consider success and how successful I become, I don’t think I can say with complete confidence that this is true.  I agree with Gladwell that success is largely dependent on opportunities that one is presented with in life.  That is not to say that I am in complete disagreement with Dweck.  In order to achieve success and remain successful, mindset and how one approaches a situation can have a great impact on the outcome and level of success.  Both authors claim to have some evidence to back their claims but it cannot be clear whether the information or studies are biased or not.  Therefore it makes it hard for me to be in complete agreement with either author.  I believe that there is some truth in what each author is saying, but not all of what they’re saying is necessarily true either.

Gladwell, M. (2008). Outliers: the story of success. New York, NY: Little, Brown and Company.

Dweck, C.S. (2006). Mindset: the new psychology of success. New York, NY: Ballantine Books.

Gladwell on “Success is the disease of me”

            When people think of success, mostly positive connotations of the word come to mind.  However, Carol S. Dweck reveals how success can possess negative connotations as well.  Throughout her book Mindet, the Dweck stresses what a major impact a difference in mindset can make.  According to Dweck, success is almost entirely dependent on mindset.  There are two different mindsets: the fixed mindset and the growth mindset.  When specifically referring to success and the examples shared by Dweck in chapter seven of mindset, a person with a fixed mindset can let success get to their head and this in turn can lead to poor decisions in the future.  A person with a growth mindset however can take their failures and use them to better their performance. 

 In chapter seven of Outliers, Dweck mentions coach John Wooden of the highly successful UCLA basketball team.  Wooden thinks that one is normally “infected by success” and perceives success with both positive and negative connotations.  Similarly, “Pat Riley,former coach of the championship Los Angeles Lakers team, calls [success] the ‘disease of me’” (Dweck, p.210, 2008).  Malcolm Gladwell, author of  Outliers would probably agree with Pat Riley and the possibility that success can be both positive and negative, but would likely disagree that success is more dependent on mindset than on opportunities.  Gladwell would probably argue that without certain opportunities, hard work, determination, and mindset may not prove quite as effective.

Personally, I believe that all things that lead to success such as opportunities, hard work, determination, and mindset have to exist together.  No one aspect should be more important than another because true success cannot be achieved without all four working in harmony.

Dweck, C. S. (2008). Mindset: The New Psychology of Success. New York: Ballantine Books.

Gladwell, Malcolm (2009)  Outliers : the story of success  Penguin Book, Camberwell, Vic.

Being a natural

                In Carol Dweck’s Mindset, chapter four focuses on the mindsets of those who play professional sports and the idea of people with “natural” talent.  According to Dweck, many people whom we, as a society, consider naturals became so talented more through hard work and determination than some innate ability that they never had to work for.  She mentions that the success of famous athletes such as Michael Jordan and Babe Ruth did not come from them being “naturals”.  In fact, both superstar athletes had rough times when they initially started playing their respective sports.  However she mentions that those who are actually naturals end up with fixed mindsets and fall short of success because they “don’t learn how to work hard or cope with setbacks” (Dweck 2008).

                But I’m not so sure that I think that true “naturals” exist to be perfectly honest.  But perhaps that is because I have nothing to relate to; something that I am truly a natural at.  No matter what one has as far as physical or intellectual endowment, they had to work to get it.  In high school, I used to be an above average math student.  But that doesn’t mean I was a natural at it.  My higher grades and placement into more advanced classes was a result of my parents pushing the subject of math at home when I was younger.  Besides breathing and maybe sleeping, I don’t believe I am a natural at anything.

                Perhaps I can’t truly respond to the label of a natural because I simply don’t believe such a thing exists.  But maybe that is because I don’t hear stories about true naturals because they have been consumed by their fixed mindsets and fallen short of success.  Or perhaps it is because it is hard to distinguish between who is actually a natural and who has simply put in a tremendous amount of work and perseverance to become better at something.  The reason is completely unclear.  But maybe one day, something or someone will come along and prove me wrong about the existence of naturals.
               

                Dweck, C. S. (2008). Mindset: The New Psychology of Success. New York: Ballantine Books.